Interview Questions/Technical Deep Dive/Database Index Optimization
AdvancedTechnical
5 min

Database Index Optimization

DatabasesPerformance TuningSQL
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Interview Question

How do you design and optimize database indexes for query performance without over-indexing?

Key Points to Cover
  • Analyze queries using EXPLAIN/EXPLAIN ANALYZE
  • Choose composite indexes carefully
  • Avoid redundant or unused indexes
  • Consider write overhead and storage cost
  • Regularly monitor index usage metrics
Evaluation Rubric
Uses query analysis tools30% weight
Designs optimal indexes30% weight
Balances performance vs overhead20% weight
Monitors index usage20% weight
Hints
  • 💡Covering indexes, partial indexes, index-only scans.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
  • ⚠️Creating indexes on columns with very low cardinality (high number of duplicate values) as they offer little filtering benefit.
  • ⚠️Ignoring the order of columns in composite indexes, leading to inefficient index utilization.
  • ⚠️Over-indexing by creating an index for every query or column, forgetting the write overhead.
  • ⚠️Failing to regularly review and prune unused or redundant indexes.
  • ⚠️Not considering the impact of index fragmentation and using index maintenance tools.
Potential Follow-up Questions
  • How to detect unused indexes?
  • When are composite indexes useful?
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