Interview Questions/Technical Deep Dive/API Rate Limiting Strategy
AdvancedTechnical
5 min

API Rate Limiting Strategy

APIRate LimitingSecurity
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Interview Question

Describe how you would implement rate limiting in a large-scale API to protect against abuse while ensuring fairness.

Key Points to Cover
  • Use algorithms like token bucket or leaky bucket
  • Apply per-user, per-IP, and global limits
  • Implement distributed counters via Redis or similar
  • Gracefully reject or throttle excess requests
Evaluation Rubric
Explains rate-limiting algorithms30% weight
Balances fairness and protection30% weight
Implements distributed limit tracking20% weight
Considers user experience on throttling20% weight
Hints
  • 💡Consider retry-after headers for clients.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
  • ⚠️Using simple in-memory counters on a single server, which doesn't scale and has no fault tolerance.
  • ⚠️Applying only a single type of rate limit (e.g., only per-IP) without considering user-specific needs or global protection.
  • ⚠️Not accounting for distributed nature of services, leading to inconsistent rate limiting across instances.
  • ⚠️Implementing overly aggressive or static rate limits that inadvertently block legitimate users during peak times.
  • ⚠️Failing to monitor rate limit effectiveness and adjust thresholds, leading to either over-blocking or under-protecting the API.
Potential Follow-up Questions
  • When to use sliding window counters?
  • How do you prevent distributed race conditions?
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