IntermediateSystem-Design
30 min
Design an Email Delivery System
EmailMessagingDeliverabilityCompliance
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Interview Question
Design an email system that supports bulk sending, deliverability, spam compliance, tracking, and feedback loops.
Key Points to Cover
- SMTP relays, DKIM/SPF/DMARC for deliverability
- Bulk send queues, retries, and throughput control
- Bounce handling, feedback loops, unsubscribe mgmt
- Tracking: opens, clicks, conversions, audits
- Reputation mgmt: IP warm-up, domain pools
Evaluation Rubric
Strong deliverability setup25% weight
Bulk queue & retry handling25% weight
CAN-SPAM/GDPR compliance25% weight
Robust tracking & reputation25% weight
Hints
- 💡Warm up IPs gradually to avoid blacklisting.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
- ⚠️Neglecting IP warming for new sending IPs, leading to immediate throttling or blocking.
- ⚠️Failing to implement proper bounce categorization and automated suppression of hard bounces.
- ⚠️Ignoring or not properly processing ISP feedback loops and complaint notifications.
- ⚠️Lack of granular control over sending throughput, leading to sudden drops in deliverability.
- ⚠️Inadequate email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) configuration or management.
Potential Follow-up Questions
- ❓How do you manage dedicated vs shared IPs?
- ❓How to handle engagement-based throttling?
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