Interview Questions/System Design/Design a Distributed Search Engine
AdvancedSystem-Design
45 min

Design a Distributed Search Engine

SearchIndexingShardingReplication
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Interview Question

Design a distributed search engine like Elasticsearch that supports indexing, querying, replication, and relevance ranking.

Key Points to Cover
  • Indexing pipeline with analyzers, tokenization, stop-words
  • Inverted index data structures, postings, compression
  • Sharding and replication strategies for query load
  • Relevance scoring models (TF-IDF, BM25, learning-to-rank)
  • Cluster management, rebalancing, failover
Evaluation Rubric
Solid indexing pipeline & structures25% weight
Efficient query processing & ranking25% weight
Scalable sharding/replication model25% weight
Cluster mgmt and failover strategy25% weight
Hints
  • 💡Think about write amplification and index refresh trade-offs.
Potential Follow-up Questions
  • How do you support phrase queries?
  • How to scale for multi-tenant workloads?
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