BeginnerPhone
2 min

NAT vs PAT

NetworkingIPv4NAT
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Interview Question

What is the difference between NAT and PAT, and where would you use each?

Key Points to Cover
  • NAT maps one IP to another; PAT maps many internal hosts to one IP using ports
  • PAT conserves IPv4 addresses for outbound internet access
  • Static/1:1 NAT for publishing internal services
Evaluation Rubric
Defines NAT accurately34% weight
Explains PAT and port multiplexing33% weight
Gives correct usage scenarios33% weight
Hints
  • 💡PAT is sometimes called NAT overload.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
  • ⚠️Confusing PAT as entirely separate from NAT, rather than a specific type of NAT (NAPT/NAT Overload).
  • ⚠️Failing to clearly articulate that port numbers are the distinguishing factor that allows PAT to support many-to-one mappings.
  • ⚠️Not emphasizing the crucial role of PAT in conserving public IPv4 addresses for outbound internet access.
  • ⚠️Inaccurately describing use cases, such as suggesting PAT for direct external access to internal servers instead of Static NAT.
  • ⚠️Not providing a clear distinction between Static NAT (one-to-one) and PAT (many-to-one).
Potential Follow-up Questions
  • How does port exhaustion manifest?
  • How does NAT affect inbound connections?
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